20–25°C is ideal. Loamy soil is preferred.

Termite

Apply chlorpyriphos 20 EC

Aphid

1. Endosulfan 35 EC 4ml/kg of seed should be applied to the seed.
2. Spray 200-250 gm/ha of Dimethoate or Chloropyriphos 1200ml/ha if the infestation is in standing crop.

Pink stem borer

After germination, spray Phorate 10% CG @ 1 l/ha every 20 days.

Army worm

Application of Cartap hydrochloride is advisable.

Brown rust 

1. Don't use nitrogenous fertilisers in excess.
2. Spray Propiconazole at 0.1% or Zineb at 2.5 kg per hectare.
3. Cultivate resistant species

Stem rust 

1. Dusting with Sulphur should be done at 35–40 kg/ha.
2. Apply Mancozeb at 2g/lit
3. Choose resistant cultivars.

Yellow rust

1. Dusting with Sulphur should be done at 35–40 kg/ha.
2. Apply Mancozeb at 2g/lit
3. Choose resistant cultivars.

Loose smut 

1. Before planting, treat the seed with Vitavax @ 2g/kg seed.
2. So as to prevent secondary transmission, bury the infected ear heads in the ground.

Powdery mildew

Spray Carbendazim at 500 g/ha or Wettable Sulphur 0.2%.

Harvesting should be done when the moisture content of the seed becomes 25-30% . Then threshing should be done to obtain the grains. But before storage the grains should be dried under sunlight so that the moisture content of the grains become 12 % which is ideal for storage.